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Ecotoxicity Abstracts
Behavioristic study of 14C-lindane
in the aquatic ecosystem model.
Biotests using unicellular algae
and ciliates for predicting long-term effects of toxicants.
Ecotoxicology studies with the
freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus IV. Rotifer behavior as a
sensitive and rapid sublethal test criterion.
Acute lethal toxicity of some
pesticides to Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus plicatilis.
Ecotoxicological studies with the
freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus II. An assessment of the chronic
toxicity of lindane and 3,4-dichloroaniline using life tables.
Ref ID : 51
Enan, E., el Hawari, B., el Masry, M., and Enan, O.;
Behavioristic study of 14C-lindane in the aquatic ecosystem
model.
J.Egypt.Public Health Assoc. 64:171-185, 1989.
Reprint : Not In File
Notes : The present study was carried out by treating 100 gm soil with 1 UCi of
14C-Lindane. The untreated and treated soil were layered on the bottom of
separate all glass aquarium tanks. These tanks were prepared as aquatic
ecosystem model. The experiments were proceeded at pH 7.0, 8.2 and 5.5 and at 35
degrees C and 15 degrees C in complete darkness and light for 60 days. The
obtained data revealed that, the higher temperature the higher loss of 14C from
treated soil. Also the acidity of the media reduced the efficiency of
14C-recovery from the soil at 25 degrees C and 15 degrees C. In addition the
obtained data illustrated that, the distribution and bioaccumulation ratio (BR)
of radioactive material by fish was many times higher than that of algae and
snail. Furthermore, BR of fish and snail proved to be pH depended. While BR of
algae was generally higher in the light than in the dark. Finally it can be
observed that, the total recovery of 14C-Lindane in the light was higher than in
the dark at all conditions of the experiment. From the obtained data it can be
concluded that, the amount of radioactive material recovered from soil or
trapped as 14CO2 was to some extent pH dependent.
http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/refere/id999/51.htm
Ref ID : 1319
H.Schafer, H.Hettler, U.Fritsche, G.Pitzen, G.Roderer, and A.Wenzel;
Biotests using unicellular algae and ciliates for predicting
long-term effects of toxicants.
Ecotoxicol. & Environ.Safety 27:64-81, 1994.
Reprint : In File
Notes : Test systems for predicting long-term effects with the freshwater algae
Chlamydomonas reinhardti and Scenedesmus subspicatus and the ciliate
Teterahymena pyriformis were evaluated with respect to the following reference
chemicals: atrazine, bromacil, diuron, methyl parathion, lindane,
3,4-dichloroaniline, pentachlorophenol, cadmium, copper, and the volatile
1,2-dichloropropane. In growth-inhibition tests under static conditions the
algae revealed a higher sensitivity to the toxicants than the ciliate except for
lindane and methyl parathion. Comparison of the impairment of
photosynthetic efficiency (EPR, NOEC 24 hr) with the inhibition of growth (NOEC
72 hr) of S. subspicatus revealed a higher sensitivity of the EPR parameter for
inhibitors of the photosynthesis. A flowthrough system was developed for
long-term tests and testing of volatile and instable substances. Under
flowthrough conditions C. reinhardti was more susceptible to the chemicals than
under static test conditions, except for pentachlorophenol. Due to the high
volatility, 1,2-dichloropropane was only tested in the flowthrough system. The
data obtained from these toxicity tests provide information about effects on
organisms representing different levels of the aquatic food web, prossessing
differences in sensitivity against toxicants. The presented flowthrough system
allows the testing of volatile and instable chemicals, problematic in static
test systems, and the EPR parameter is suitable for the early characterization
of chemicals acting as specific inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron
transport chain.
http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/refere/id1999/1319.htm
Ref ID : 1317
C.R.Janssen, M.D.Ferrando, and Guido Persoone;
Ecotoxicology studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus
IV. Rotifer behavior as a sensitive and rapid sublethal test criterion.
Ecotoxicol. & Environ.Safety 28:244-255, 1994.
Reprint : In File
Notes : The swimming behavior of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus
exposed to copper (Cu), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), and
lindane, for periods ranging from 5 min to 5 hr, was examined. A swimming
behaviour test is described which is based on the rotifers' movement rates as
they swim over a grid. For all four toxicants a clear dose-response was
observed, with the swimming activity decreasing with increasing toxicant
concentrations. For Cu the EC50's, the concentration that reduced the swimming
activity to 50% of that of the control value, sharply decreased from 0.22
mg/liter after an exposure of 5 min to 0.068, 0.038, and 0.014 mg/liter after
exposures of 30, 60, and 300 min, respectively. PCP affected the rotifers'
swimming behaviour more gradually, with EC50's decreasing from 7.0 mg/liter
after an exposure of 5 min to 5.9, 5.4, and 1.5 mg/liter after 30, 60, and 300
min, respectivley. A similar pattern was found for DCA with EC50's ranging from
193 to 45.5 mg/liter for the 5-min and 3-hr exposures, respectively. Exposed to
lindane, however, B. calyciflorus swimming activity exhibited a different
response, and the EC50's gradually increased from 13.7 mg/liter after an
exposure of 5 min to significantly higher values of 16.4 and 18.5 mg/liter after
periods of 1 and 5 hr, respectively. The results of the swimming activity assays
were compared to those of acute and chroic toxicity tests performed with the
same test species. The potential use and relevance of this behavioral test
criterion were evaluated and discussed.
http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/refere/id1999/1317.htm
Ref ID : 128
M.D.Ferrando and E.Andreu-Moliner;
Acute lethal toxicity of some pesticides to Brachionus calyciflorus and
Brachionus plicatilis.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 47:479-484, 1991.
Reprint : In File
Notes : Due to their widespread distribution and toxin nature pesticides may
have a serious impact on the aquatic environment and exert adverse effects on
the associated organisms. Acute bioassy tests have been used to determine the
actual impact of various pesticides on aquatic life. Static acute toxicity tests
provide rapid and reproductible concentration-response curves for estimating
toxic effects of chemicals on aquatic organisms. These tests provide a data base
for determining relative toxicity to a variety of species. Data on sensitivity
to pesticides for zooplankton species, in laboratory controlled conditions, is
mainly reported to crustaceans, existing a lot of information on daphnids.
However, a few information about controlled bioassays conducted with rotifers is
available. Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus plicatilis are particularly
useful for environmental toxicology because of their rapid reproduction, short
generation time, cosmopolitan distribution and the commercial availability of
the dormant eggs (cysts). The present study was conducted to determine the acute
toxicological effects of some pesticides (trichlorfon, fenitrothion,
chlorpyrifos, lindane and 3-4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA)) on B. calyciflorus and
B. plicatilis. These two zooplanktonic species were tested to elucidate
sensitivity differences between freshwater and brackish environment rotifers.
http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/refere/id999/128.htm
Ref ID : 1666
M.D.Ferrando, C.R.Janssen, E.Andreu, and Guido Persoone;
Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus
calyciflorus II. An assessment of the chronic toxicity of lindane and
3,4-dichloroaniline using life tables.
Hydrobiologia 255/256:33-40, 1993.
Reprint : In File
Notes : The effects of chronic exposure of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus
calyciflorus to the toxicants lindane and 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), were
evaluated. The parameters used to detemine the toxicity on these compounds were
the age-specific and fertility, and the demographic parameters: intrinsic rate
of natural increase (r), generation time (T), net reproductive rate (Ro),
reproductive value (Vx) and life expectancy (eo). All the demographic parameters
studied decreased with increasing toxicant concentrations. The use of life
tables techniques with B. calyciflorus as a test method for the determination of
chronic toxicity of xenobiotics is discussed.
http://www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/refere/id-1600.htm
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